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A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Surgical formation of an external opening (stoma) into the esophagus.

The use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency…

The act or practice of killing or allowing death from natural causes, for reasons of mercy, i.e., in order to release a person from incurable disease…

The act or practice of killing for reasons of mercy, i.e., in order to release a person or animal from incurable disease, intolerable suffering, or u…

Active euthanasia of a patient at the patient's request and/or with the patient's consent.

The killing of animals for reasons of mercy, to control disease transmission or maintain the health of animal populations, or for experimental purpos…

Failing to prevent death from natural causes, for reasons of mercy by the withdrawal or withholding of life-prolonging treatment.

Prenatal interventions to manage fetal anomalies or FETAL DISEASES ex utero while maintaining the uteroplacental circulation during obstetric deliver…

Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Use…

Methods or programs of physical activities which can be used to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individ…

A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal fun…

Diversion of blood flow through a circuit located outside the body but continuous with the bodily circulation.

Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and…

A nonsurgical treatment that uses either HIGH-ENERGY SHOCK WAVES or low energy ACOUSTIC WAVES to treat various musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., PLAN…

Extraction of the fetus by means of obstetrical instruments.

The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.

The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes t…

The transference between individuals of the entire face or major facial structures. In addition to the skin and cartilaginous tissue (CARTILAGE), it …

The use of faith and spirit to cure disease.

Surgical incision on the FASCIA. It is used to decompress compartment pressure (e.g. in COMPARTMENT SYNDROMES; circumferential burns and extremity in…

Transfer of GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA from one individual to another by infusion of donor FECES to the upper or lower GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of the…

Methods of giving food to humans or animals.

The surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for the restoration of hearing in cases of OTOSCLEROSIS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A method of providing future reproductive opportunities. Typically CRYOPRESERVATION of reproductive organs or tissues (e.g., sperm, egg, embryos and …

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

Prenatal interventions to correct fetal anomalies or treat FETAL DISEASES in utero. Fetal therapies include several major areas, such as open surgery…

Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.

A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into…

Emergency care or treatment given to a person who suddenly becomes ill or injured before full medical services become available.