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The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, …

The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. The source nuclear material can b…

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyz…

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTO…

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the prob…

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a …

A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look…

A class of algorithms which both reduces and restores the size of files to increase their portability. Compression algorithms can be lossy or lossles…

A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of…

Physical and biological barriers to the spread of potentially hazardous biologically active agents such as bacteria, viruses, recombinant nucleotides…

Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome.

Groups that serve as a standard for comparison in experimental studies. They are similar in relevant characteristics to the experimental group but do…

A study in which observations are made before and after an intervention, both in a group that receives the intervention and in a control group that d…

Works about clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the stud…

Artificial neural networks designed to automatically learn features through the use of sequence of layers which transform one volume to the next. Con…

A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite …

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are swit…

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a r…

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organis…

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and…

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or …

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and …

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

Subject matter related to the curation of data from research projects, stored permanently in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpre…

Mathematical or statistical procedures used as aids in making a decision. They are frequently used in medical decision-making.

A theoretical technique utilizing a group of related constructs to describe or prescribe how individuals or groups of people choose a course of actio…

A graphic device used in decision analysis, series of decision options are represented as branches (hierarchical).

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to dental or oral health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.