Numerical knowledge
Clinical parameters
Browse physiological and laboratory parameters together with specimen, method, unit, population context and curated reference bands.
Ranges are source-, method-, specimen-, age-, sex- and population-specific. They are educational reference data, not a substitute for the reporting laboratory or clinical judgement.
Bleeding Time
AMW:PARAM:115014Duration of blood flow after skin puncture. This test is used as a measure of capillary and platelet function.
Blood Cell Count
AMW:PARAM:115004The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN…
Blood Flow Velocity
AMW:PARAM:105020A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.
Blood Pressure
AMW:PARAM:105007PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Blood Volume
AMW:PARAM:105002Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.
Body Fat Distribution
AMW:PARAM:160008Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increase…
Body Height
AMW:PARAM:160013The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
Body Mass Index
AMW:PARAM:160011An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat…
Body Size
AMW:PARAM:160012The physical measurements of a body.
Body Surface Area
AMW:PARAM:160017The two dimensional measure of the outer layer of the body.
Body Temperature
AMW:PARAM:160023The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.
Body Weight
AMW:PARAM:160014The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Body Weights and Measures
AMW:PARAM:160010Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts.
Bone Density
AMW:PARAM:160001The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per mill…
Breast Density
AMW:PARAM:160021Measurement of relative composition of different BREAST tissue types often determined from MAMMOGRAPHY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; or MRI.
C-Reactive Protein
AMW:PARAM:125002Inflammatory marker measured in blood.
Cardiac Output
AMW:PARAM:105019The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLU…
Cardiac Volume
AMW:PARAM:105013The volume of the HEART, usually relating to the volume of BLOOD contained within it at various periods of the cardiac cycle. The amount of blood ejected from …
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
AMW:PARAM:105018A measurement of the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It is measured by B-mode ULTRASONOGRAPHY and is used as a surrogate marker for ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
CD4-CD8 Ratio
AMW:PARAM:115010Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of dise…
Cell Count
AMW:PARAM:115003The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.
Central Venous Pressure
AMW:PARAM:105010The blood pressure in the central large VEINS of the body. It is distinguished from peripheral venous pressure which occurs in an extremity.
Cerebral Blood Volume
AMW:PARAM:105003Volume of circulating blood in a region of the brain. It is a functional measure of the brain perfusion status which relates changes in this to changes in CERE…
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure
AMW:PARAM:160002Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called INTRACR…
Closing Volume
AMW:PARAM:135010The lung volume at which the dependent lung zones cease to ventilate presumably as a result of airway closure.
Clot Retraction
AMW:PARAM:115016Retraction of a clot resulting from contraction of PLATELET pseudopods attached to FIBRIN strands. The retraction is dependent on the contractile protein throm…
Contrast Sensitivity
AMW:PARAM:160029The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of…
Electric Conductivity
AMW:PARAM:190001The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.
Electric Impedance
AMW:PARAM:190002The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.
Enzyme Stability
AMW:PARAM:125014The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physi…